Income Tax Severed Letters - 1997-06-27

Miscellaneous

12 June 1997 9713641 F - INONDATION AU MANITOBA - PARTIE REDÉMARRAGE

Unedited CRA Tags
9 12(1)(x) 13(4) 44 54

Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the Department.

Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle du ministère.

Incidences fiscales de
l'Inititiative de rétablissement économique et des emplois
de la vallée de la rivière Rouge -
Partie "Redémarrage"

Ruling

30 November 1996 Ruling 9712223 - SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT ARRANGEMENT

Unedited CRA Tags
5(1) 12(4) 248(1) 8(1)(m.2)

Principal Issues:

Is an unfunded supplemental pension plan an RCA or an SDA.

Position: No

Reasons:

30 November 1996 Ruling 9700293 - XXXXXXXXXX DIRECTOR'S INCENTIVE PLAN

Unedited CRA Tags
REG 6801(d) 70(2)

Principal Issues:

1)Whether arrangement complies with Regulation 6801(d);
2)whether amounts payable after death under new arrangement are included in deceased's income or recipient's income by virtue of 70(1) or 70(2).

Position:

1)Yes;
2)amount paid after death and payable because of termination of employment before death or payable because of death are "rights or things" to which 70(2) and 70(3) apply.

Reasons:

30 November 1996 Ruling 9700303 - XXXXXXXXXX EXECUTIVE INCENTIVE ARRANGEMENT

Unedited CRA Tags
REG 6801(d) 70(2)

Principal Issues:

1)Whether arrangement is exempted from SDA definition by virtue of 6801(d); 2) whether amounts payable after death are "death benefit"; 3) whether amounts payable after death are included in deceased's income or recipient's income by virtue of 70(1) or 70(2).

Position:

1)Yes; 2) No; 3) amount paid after death and payable because of termination of employment before death or payable because of death are "rights or things" to which 70(2) and 70(3) apply.

Reasons:

30 November 1996 Ruling 9707173 - PAYMENT OF PROPERTY SETTLEMENT BY INSTALLMENTS

Unedited CRA Tags
56(1)(b) 60(b)

Principal Issues:

payment of property settlement by installments

Position:

not taxable or deductible as maintenance

Reasons:

30 November 1996 Ruling 9625363 - NPO

Unedited CRA Tags
149(1)(l)

Principal Issues:

Whether U.S. Corporation (exempt from Federal income tax under 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code as an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code) that proposes opening a Canadian branch is a non-profit organization for purposes of paragraph 149(1)(l) of the Act. Of most concern was whether the entity is a charity within the meaning of subsection 149.1(1) of the Act. The remaining issue is whether the corporation was "organized exclusively for social welfare, civic improvement, pleasure or recreation or for any other purpose except profit, and no part of the income of which was payable to, or was otherwise available for the personal benefit of, any proprietor, shareholder thereof...".

Position:

A particular entity does not necessarily have to be eligible for registration as a charity in order that it be considered not to be a charity within the meaning of subsection 149.1(1) of the Act. This matter was referred, with clarification, to our Charities Division to make the determination and they opined that it was not a charity within the meaning of subsection 149.1(1) of the Act. We have given confirmation that it is properly organized as a NPO.

Reasons:

30 November 1995 Ruling 9630983 - MUTUAL FUND LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Unedited CRA Tags
143.2 100(2) 96 53

Principal Issues:
1. Public mutual fund limited partnership formed to fund selling commissions. Basically the same deal as file #960027, dated XXXXXXXXXX, 1996. In file #962168, dated XXXXXXXXXX, 1996, the prospectus was being amended to raise additional capital to fund selling commissions. The present ruling is in respect of another amendment to the prospectus to raise additional capital to fund selling expenses. Also clarified who reports interest earned on escrowed funds (see file #963755 for revisions to the Subsequent Ruling on this same point).

Position:
1. Rulings and opinions given as in file #962168.

Reasons:

30 November 1995 Ruling 9639683 - MUTUAL FUND LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Unedited CRA Tags
18.1

Principal Issues:

1. Minor change to ruling #963098, dated XXXXXXXXXX, 1996, for this public mutual fund limited partnership.

Position:

1. Change made - no effect to other rulings given. We also added a comment that we are not commenting on the possible application of draft section 18.1.

Reasons:

Ministerial Correspondence

17 June 1997 Ministerial Correspondence 971364A F - COMMUNIQUE - INONDATION AU MANITOBA

Unedited CRA Tags
12(1)(x) 9 54 44

Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the Department.

Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle du ministère.

AIDE FISCALE FÉDÉRALE AUX VICTIMES DES INONDATIONS AU MANITOBA

17 June 1997 Ministerial Correspondence 971364C F - DOCUMENT D'INFORMATION - INONDATION AU MANITOBA

Unedited CRA Tags
12(1)(x) 9 44 54

Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the Department.

Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle du ministère.

Imposition de l’aide financière accordée aux victimes des inondations survenues au Manitoba

17 June 1997 Ministerial Correspondence 971364B F - Q ET R - INONDATION AU MANITOBA

Unedited CRA Tags
12(1)(x) 9 44 54

Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the Department.

Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle du ministère.

Aide financière accordée aux

victimes des inondations du Manitoba

Questions et réponses

Q1. Quelle somme le gouvernement fédéral a-t-il versée à la province de Manitoba pour les victimes des inondations?

Technical Interpretation - External

19 June 1997 External T.I. 9712065 - DEDUCTIBILITY OF CERTAIN MEDICAL PROCEDURES, SERVICES

Unedited CRA Tags
118.2(2)(a) 118.2(2)(q) 118.2(2)(m) REG 5700

Principal Issues:

1.Are block fees deductible
2.Are certain medical devices whose use is non-medical or cosmetic deductible ?

Position:
1.no, unless service is renderred
2.no, use must be as prescribed in the Regulations

Reasons:

19 June 1997 External T.I. 9710665 - CALL SPREAD IN RRSP

Unedited CRA Tags
REG 4900(1)(e) 146(4)

Principal Issues:

Whether RRSP entering into "spread" offends rules.

Position:

Option to acquire qualified investment is a qualified investment and obligation to sell is not subject to qualified investment rules; however, entering into spread may be indicative of business which causes income to be taxable and leaving deposit (margin) with broker may be a non-qualified investment.

Reasons:

19 June 1997 External T.I. 9705105 - U.S. ANNUITIES RECEIVED AS DAMAGES

Unedited CRA Tags
12.2 56(1)(d) 60(a) 128.1(1)

Principal Issues:

1.Where a taxpayer immigrating to Canada has a right to receive payments under an annuity, would paragraphs 128.1(1)(b) and (c) apply to deem the taxpayer to have disposed of and then reacquired that right at its fair market value immediately before immigration?
2.Whether payments received under two U.S. annuities as part of an out-of-court settlement are subject to tax in Canada.
3.Whether the accrual rules in section 12.2 will apply to a taxpayer who has a right to receive payments under an annuity but is not the owner of the annuity contract.

Position:

1.Generally, a right to receive income would constitute "property" as defined in subsection 248(1). Since paragraphs 128.1(b) and (c) apply to each property of a taxpayer who becomes resident in Canada (with exceptions), a right to receive payments under an annuity would appear to be subject to those provisions.
2.Question of fact. Only provided general comments.
3.Subsection 12.2(1) applies to a taxpayer who holds an interest in a life insurance policy. This is a factual determination. If subsection 12.2(1) is not applicable, paragraph 56(1)(d) may apply as it applies to any amount received by a taxpayer as an annuity payment subject to certain exceptions.

Reasons:

17 June 1997 External T.I. 9712425 - DEBT FORGIVENESS

Unedited CRA Tags
80(5) 20(16)

Principal Issues:

what is the effect of a guarantor making good on a partnership loan and the subsequent calculation of a terminal loss?

Position:

If section 80 applies then amount will affect 20(16) calculation.

Reasons:law

17 June 1997 External T.I. 9705215 - CONTR TO A SPOUSAL RRSP NOT DEDUCTIBLE AS ALIMONY

Unedited CRA Tags
56(12)

Principal Issues:

whether payments into an estranged spouse's RRSP are deductible as alimony or maintenance

Position:

no but they may be deductible as a contribution to a spousal RRSP, subject to the contributor's RRSP room & the monthly tax on any "cumulative excess amount"

Reasons:

17 June 1997 External T.I. 9700935 - CAN GAIN ATTRIB TO INSUFF DIV BE CARVED OUT

Unedited CRA Tags
110.6(8)

Principal Issues:

insufficient dividend rule; if a significant portion of the accrued gain in respect of shares is attributable to the lack of dividends paid on other shares, but the shareholder disposes of the shares to a corporation by means of an 85(1) election for an amount equal to the shares' fair market value less the amount that can reasonably be attributed to the insufficient dividend, will 110.6(8) apply to deny the capital gains deduction?

Position:

Prorating the accrued capital gain to carve out the proportion of the gain that is attributable to the lack of dividends will not necessarily shelter the gain from the application of subsection 110.6(8).

Reasons:

12 June 1997 External T.I. 9714185 - FLOW-THROUGH SHARES, STOCK OPTIONS

Unedited CRA Tags
66.3(3) 7(1)

Principal Issues:

Where a flow-through share is acquired under an employee stock option, would 53(1)(j) apply to add the employment benefit to the adjusted cost base of the share?

Position: Yes

Reasons:

12 June 1997 External T.I. 9708145 - HOME BUYERS' PLAN 90 DAYS RRSP PREMIUM

Unedited CRA Tags
146(5)(a)(iv.1)

Principal Issues:

Since the application of subparagraph 146(5)(a)(iv.1) is applied on a plan by plan basis, where a transfer of funds between plans occurs, will the 90 day delay be avoided?

Position: No

Reasons:

12 June 1997 External T.I. 9638295 F - FRAIS DE DÉPLACEMENT - INFO. ADDITIONNELLE F9611115

Unedited CRA Tags
8(1)h) 8(1)h.1)

Principales Questions:

Est-ce que le fait que le contribuable ait à transporter du matériel qu'il utilise dans l'exercice de ses fonctions aurait une incidence sur l'opinion émise dans le dossier F9611115?

Position Adoptée:

11 June 1997 External T.I. 9640355 - UK PERSONAL PENSION SCHEMES

Unedited CRA Tags
56(1)(a)

Principal Issues:

1. Can amounts received from U.K. personal pension schemes be transferred to an RRSP?
2. What other tax implications are there with respect to these types of plans?

Position:

1. Amounts can be transferred if they are taxable under 56(1)(a).
2. There are a number of taxing provisions that may have application with respect to a Canadian resident who has one of these plans. Only general information could be provided at this time.

Reasons:

11 June 1997 External T.I. 9641425 - UK PERSONAL PENSION SCHEMES

Unedited CRA Tags
56(1)(a)

Principal Issues:

1. Can amounts received from U.K. personal pension schemes be transferred to an RRSP?
2. What other tax implications are there with respect to these types of plans?

Position:

1. Amounts can be transferred if they are taxable under 56(1)(a).
2. There are a number of taxing provisions that may have application with respect to a Canadian resident who has one of these plans. Only general information could be provided at this time.

Reasons:

5 June 1997 External T.I. 9706965 - ASSETS LEASED BY A PARTNERSHIP AND A RELATED CORPORATION

Unedited CRA Tags
110.6(1)(c) 248(1)

Principal Issues:

1. Whether the assets of a partnership are looked at for the purpose of the asset test in the definitions of a qualified small business corporation share and small business corporation when determining whether the shares of the owner of real estate qualify.

2. Whether the real estate owned by a corporation is an asset used principally in an active business carried on primarily in Canada by a corporation related to it if the assets are used principally in an active business carried on primarily in Canada by a partnership and a related corporation.

Position:

1. Yes.

2. In the present situation, yes.

Reasons:

5 June 1997 External T.I. 9702855 - INTEREST-FREE MORTGAGE BETWEEN ARM'S LENGTH INDIVIDUALS

Unedited CRA Tags
80.4 12

Principal Issues:

whether interest would be imputed on an interest-free mortgage between arm's length parties (both individuals) -lender is not a corp, borrower is not non-resident so 17(1) doesn't apply -the borrower is the life insurance agent of the lender, the reason for the lack of interest is goodwill and the life insurance agent will agree to be co-executor of the lender's estate on death and will hold Power of Attorney

Position:

it may be a barter transaction but if not, no interest is likely to be imputed

Reasons:

4 June 1997 External T.I. 9713275 - DSLP, NOT RETURNING TO WORK

Unedited CRA Tags
REG 6801(a)

Principal Issues:

Whether decision not to return to work after a leave of absence could affect DSLP status?

Position: Yes

Reasons:

4 June 1997 External T.I. 9626305 - DEEMED DISPOSITION ON DEATH

Unedited CRA Tags
45(1) 70(5.2)(d) 70(6.2)

Principal Issues:

Income tax consequences of a change in one income earning use to another on a portion of land where subsection 45(1) of the Act does not apply and the taxpayer dies before the land inventory is sold. Land transfers automatically to taxpayer's spouse as the land is jointly held.

Position:

Question of fact when a change in use occurs. Land inventory is deemed to be disposed of pursuant to paragraph 70(5.2)(d) of the Act for proceeds equal to its cost amount - no election to dispose of for FMV is possible and capital gain/loss is computed on the notional disposition as indicated in IT-218R. Yes a portion of vacant real estate can qualify as land inventory and there is a deemed disposition on death.

Reasons:

4 June 1997 External T.I. 9707075 - RCA PURCHASE OF AN ANUITY

Unedited CRA Tags
254(a) 56(1)(x) 56(1)(y) 56(11) 107(2)

Principal Issues:

Issues relate to the creation or amendment of RCAs so that section 254(a) of the Act can be applied so annuities can be purchased in the name of the beneficiaries and the RCA woundup. Since this plan appeared to relate to a factual situation, we provided general comments. The principal questions are.
1.Will payments be deductible to the employer?
2.How do the provisions of 107.2(b) apply to RCAs?
3. Will 254(a) apply?
4. Will GAAR apply
5. Will 254(a) override the income accrual rules for annuities?

Position:

1.No reply provided.
2.No reply provided.
3.No reply provided.
4.General statement on GAAR provided.
5. General statement of law provided

Reasons:

4 June 1997 External T.I. 9704695 - DIVISION OF PENSION BENEFITS

Unedited CRA Tags
56(1)(a) 147.1 REG 8502

Principal Issues:

Can pension benefits be divided between spouses where a marriage breakdown has not occured?

Position:

This would not be possible under Income Tax legislation alone but may be possible if provincial legislation permits it.

Reasons:

4 June 1997 External T.I. 9712385 - FI & LOOKING-THROUGH A PARTNERSHIP

Unedited CRA Tags
181(1) 181.2(3)(g) 181.2(5) 181.3(1)(b) REG 8604(a)

Principal Issues:

4 June 1997 External T.I. 9712595 - SICK LEAVE CREDITS AS RETIRING ALLOWANCE

Unedited CRA Tags
60(j.1) 248(1)

Principal Issues:

If a plan provides leave credits in substitution for vacation leave credits and sick leave credits, can all or a portion of any amount paid in respect of the credits be treated as a retiring allowance?

Position:

4 June 1997 External T.I. 9712645 - RIGHT TO TRANS SUP PENSION TO RCA

Unedited CRA Tags
248(1)

Principal Issues:

Would an unfunded supplementary pension plan providing its members with the right to request that the employer transfer amounts to an RCA in order to protect the members' entitlements result in the plan being an RCA for purposes of the Act?

Position: Question of Fact

Reasons:

3 June 1997 External T.I. 9713845 F - PÉPINIERE - ACTIVITÉ AGRICOLE

Unedited CRA Tags
248(1)

Principales Questions:

Est-ce que certaines activités exercées par une pépinière sont des "activités agricoles"?

Position Adoptée:

30 May 1997 External T.I. 9712115 - CONTINUED EMPLOYMENT WITH AFFILIATE

Unedited CRA Tags
56(1)(a)(ii) 5(1) 60(j.1)

Principal Issues:

Whether employee has lost employment when he obtains new employment during lay-off notice period.

Position:

There is no loss of employment if new employment is with an affiliate of former employer.

Reasons:

29 May 1997 External T.I. 9710695 - INSTANT NON-CASH AWARDS

Unedited CRA Tags
6(1)(a)

Principal Issues:

whether the Dept's admin position relating to gifts has been changed to permit gifts with a value up to $200 to not be included in employee's income and whether an amount is required to be included in an employee's income for an award if the award has a departmental or corporate logo permanently affixed or engraved on it

Position:

no change in $100 ceiling re. admin position. While a logo or engraving may reasonably lessen the value of an award, it does not mean that an award has no value because of the existence of a logo or engraving.

Reasons:971061

26 May 1997 External T.I. 9704805 - 21 year rule - two trusts

Unedited CRA Tags
104(4) 108(1)

Principal Issues:

1. Where the assets of a testamentary spousal trust & other testamentary trust are to be combined into one trust after the death of the surviving beneficiary- which date is applicable for purposes of the 21-year rule. re 104(5.8)
2. Where will provides for assets from spousal trust to be transferred to a new trust for the children upon the spouse's death & will also provides for children to have another testamentary trust upon surviving spouse's death will the dept apply 104(2) so to aggregate the two trusts. If so, what date will 104(4) apply?

Position:

1. earliest deemed disposition date applies to assets from both trusts.
2. depends on facts

Reasons:

22 May 1997 External T.I. 9700195 - SUBSECTION 111(8) AND PARAGRAPH 3(F) OF THE ACT

Unedited CRA Tags
111(8) 3(f)

Principal Issues:

Can a corporation deduct a net capital loss carryforward to offset a taxable capital gain in calculating taxable income when there is no taxable income.

Position:

Corporation can claim a net capital loss carryforward

Reasons:

20 May 1997 External T.I. 9711275 - CANADIAN RESOURCE PROPERTY, LICENCES

Unedited CRA Tags
66(15) 39(1)(a)(ii)

Principal Issues:

classification of licences for exploration and storage of oil and gas

Position:

Canadian resource property

Reasons:

13 May 1997 External T.I. 9635325 F - ERABLIERE - 2 ENTREPRISES

Unedited CRA Tags
127(9)

Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the Department.

Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle du ministère.

5-963532
XXXXXXXXXX Michel Lambert
(613) 957-8953

A l'attention de XXXXXXXXXX

Le 13 mai 1997

Mesdames, Messieurs,

Objet: Loi de l'impôt sur le revenu Érablière - Paragraphe 127(9)

9 May 1997 External T.I. 9635375 F - PENSION ALIMENTAIRE EN USUFRUIT

Unedited CRA Tags
248(3)

Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the Department.

Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle du ministère.

			5-963537
XXXXXXXXXX			Michel Lambert
(613) 957-8953
A l'attention de XXXXXXXXXX

Le 9 mai 1997

Mesdames, Messieurs,

Objet: Pension alimentaire et usufruit

24 April 1997 External T.I. 9631335 F - MODIFICATION - RÉGIME DE PRESTATIONS AUX EMPLOYÉS

Unedited CRA Tags
6(1)(g) 248(1)

Principales Questions:

1. Est-ce que la modification d'une convention régissant un régime de prestations aux employés amènerait une réception présumée d'un montant pour l'employé?

2. Advenant une modification d'un régime, est-ce que le régime ne se qualifierait plus à titre de "régime de prestations aux employés" établi avant 1986?

Position Adoptée:

21 April 1997 External T.I. 9707215 F - % coproduction differe % cout production

Unedited CRA Tags
125.4

Principales Questions:

125.4 - % coproduction differe % participation depense

Position Adoptée:

9 April 1997 External T.I. 9708595 - APPLICATION FOR APPROVED ASSOCIATION STATUS

Unedited CRA Tags
37(1)(a)(ii) 149(1)(j)

Principales Questions:

approved association status and 149(1)(j) corporation

Position Adoptée:

9 April 1997 External T.I. 9638745 F - PRÉCISIONS POUR LE CALCUL DU MONTANT DE REMPLACEMENT

Unedited CRA Tags
127(9) 37(8) REG 2900(4) REG 2900(6)

Principales Questions:

1. Lorsqu'un contribuable reçoit une subvention à l'égard d'une dépense, est-ce que l'expression "montants déduits", à l'alinéa 2900(6)a) du Règlement tient compte du montant réduit par la subvention ou du montant brut?

2. Est-ce que les taxes municipales, les primes d'assurance et le coût de l'entretien d'un bâtiment, engagés par le propriétaire d'un bâtiment, sont des dépenses engagées pour l'usage du bâtiment, aux fins du paragraphe 2900(6) du Règlement?

Position Adoptée:

2 April 1997 External T.I. 9640535 - TIMBER LICENSE - CHANGE OF CONTROL

Unedited CRA Tags
14(5) 13(21)

Principal Issues:

Appropriate tax treatment of a payment required to be made under the BC Forest Act to keep a timber license after there has been a change in control of a corporation.

Position:

Question of fact.

Reasons:

13 March 1997 External T.I. 9531165 - ACCUMULATING INCOME - CAPITAL ENCROACHMENT

Unedited CRA Tags
104(6) 104(13) 107(2)

Principal Issues:

Is accumulating income reduced by the amount of the taxable capital gain where a capital encroachment power is exercised and the property or substituted property is distributed to a beneficiary in the same year as the gain is realized?

Position: Yes.

Reasons:

11 March 1997 External T.I. 9703415 - DEEMED DIVIDEND PAYABLE TO BENEFICIARIES

Unedited CRA Tags
104(6) 84(3)

Principal Issues:

Are proceeds from a redemption of shares,(that create a deemed dividend under ss.84(3)) payable to non-resident beneficiaries of a trust, deductible under ss 104(6) given that the trustees have the discretion to designate the amount as paid out as income or capital under trust law?

Position:

Amounts made payable are deductible under 104(6)

Reasons:

Technical Interpretation - Internal

12 June 1997 Internal T.I. 9713647 - MANITOBA FLOOD-RESTART COMPONENT

Unedited CRA Tags
9 12(1)(x) 13 44 54

Principal Issues:

6 May 1997 Internal T.I. 9710616 - TAXATION OF EMPLOYEE AWARDS OF NOMINAL VALUE

Unedited CRA Tags
6(1)(a)

Principal Issues:

taxation of employee awards of nominal value, whether an admin position for awards of value less than $25.

Position:

no admin position although if the award is a plaque, trophy or other momento of nominal value for which there is no market, a fair market value does not exist and it is not necessary to include any amount in an employee's income as a taxable benefit. Onus rests with employer to reasonably determine when a market for a nominal does not exist

Reasons:

3 March 1997 Internal T.I. 9640887 - EXEMPT CAPITAL GAINS BALANCE

Unedited CRA Tags
39.1(7)

Please note that the following document, although believed to be correct at the time of issue, may not represent the current position of the Department.

Prenez note que ce document, bien qu'exact au moment émis, peut ne pas représenter la position actuelle du ministère.

March 3, 1997

Ottawa Tax Services Office Trusts Section
Client Assistance Division L. Holloway
(613) 957-2104
Attention: Gino Muto
964088

Exempt Capital Gains Balance - Disposition of Related Asset

1997 Internal T.I. 970550A - : Mutual Fund Supp Ruling

Unedited CRA Tags
: 96(2.2), 96(1)

Principal Issues:
Supplementary ruling to implement certain changes. Closing of offering of partnership units will be made on or before XXXXXXXXXX but not later than XXXXXXXXXX.

Position:
Supplementary ruling given.

Reasons:
Previous supplementary rulings have been given in respect of similar changes.
XXXXXXXXXX

Ministerial Letter

19 April 1997 Ministerial Letter 9700628 - taxation property leaving Canada-collect provincial tax

Unedited CRA Tags
116(1) 104(1)

Principal Issues:

1) application of law to distribution of taxable Canadian property by trust to a non-resident, 2) provincial taxes collected by Revenue Canada, and 3) role of Deputy Minister

Position: